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Karl Marx
(1818-1883)
Biography
Marx was born in Germany to Jewish parents who became Christian while he
was still a child. Marx went to study law at the university of Bonn at the
age of 17, but then went on to study at the university of Berlin a year
later, where he switched from law to philosophy. After graduating in 1841,
Marx wrote many articles on social, political, and philosophical issues
for, and was briefly editor of, the Rhenish Gazette
(Rheinische Zeitung), a newly founded liberal newspaper. In
1843, Marx moved to Paris with his new wife, Jenny (born Jenny von
Westphalen), to be co-editor of a journal called the German-French
Annals. Unfortunately, the journal failed after its first
publication, and the Prussian government issued a warrant for the arrest
of the editors because of articles contained in the journal, so Marx became
a political refugee and could not return to Germany. He returned to Germany
for a short while during the attempted German revolution of 1848-49, where
he started a radical newspaper, the New Rhenish Gazette. When
the Prussian monarchy reasserted itself following the attempted revolution,
Marx was tried for treason for his part in the revolution and was exiled.
Marx lived in London for the rest of his life. In 1881 Marx's beloved wife
Jenny died, and then in January of 1883, Marx's eldest daughter died.
Marx, who never recovered from his loss, quickly developed bronchitis and
died in March of 1883.
Works
- Critique of Hegel's Doctrine of the State
(1843)
- Letters to Arnold Ruge (1843)
- A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of
Right. (1844)
- On the Jewish Question. (1844)
- Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of
Law. (1844)
- Critical Notes on "The King of Prussia".
(1844)
- Excerpts from James Mill's Elements of Political
Economy. (1844)
- Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts.
(1844)
- The Holy Family. (1844)
- Theses on Feuerbach. (1845)
- The German Ideology. (1845-6)
- Communist League. (With Engels) (1847)
- The Poverty of Philosophy. (1847)
- Speech: On the Question of Free Trade.
(1848)
- The Communist Manifesto. (With Engels)
(1848)
- Speech: Communism, Revolution, and a Free Poland.
(1848)
- Demands of the Communist Party in Germany. (With Engels)
(1848)
- Wage-Labor and Capital. (1849)
- England's 17th Century Revolution. (With Engels)
(1850)
- The Class Struggle in France, 1848 to 1850.
(1850)
- Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Germany.
(1852)
- The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte.
(1852)
- Revelations on the Cologne Communist Trial.
(1852)
- The Duchess of Sutherland and Slavery.
(1853)
- Speech at the Anniversary of the People's Paper.
(1856)
- Introduction to A Contribution to the Critique of Political
Economy. (1857)
- Pre-Capitalist Economic Formations. (1857)
- The Grundrisse. (1857)
- A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy.
(1859)
- Theories of Surplus Value, Vol. 1.
(1861-63)
- Theories of Surplus Value, Vol. 2.
(1861-63)
- Theories of Surplus Value, Vol. 3.
(1861-63)
- Proclamation on Poland. (1863)
- Address: Value, Price, and Profit. (1865)
- Capital, volume 1. (1867)
- The Abolition of Landed Property. (1869)
- The General Council to the Federal Council of French
Switzerland. (1870)
- New York World Interview with Marx. (1871)
- Resolution of the London Conference on Working-Class Political
Action. (With Engels) (1871)
- The Civil War in France. (1871)
- The Alleged Splits in the International. (With Engels)
(1872)
- Report to the Hague Congress. (1872)
- Political Indifferentism. (1874)
- Conspectus of Bakunin's Book Statism and Anarchy.
(1875)
- For Poland. (With Engels) (1875)
- Critique of the Gotha Program. (1875)
- Chicago Tribune Interview with Marx. (1879)
- Reformists in Germany's Social-Democratic party. (With
Engels) (1879)
- Circular Letter to Bebel, Liebknecht, Bracke, et. al.
(With Engels) (1879)
- Marginal Notes on Adolph Wagner's Lehrbuch der politischen
Okonomie. (1880)
- Introduction to the Programme of the French Workers'
Party. (1880)
- Capital, volume 2. (1885)
- Capital, volume 3. (1894)
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Last modified May 5, 1996.